PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN KOMPOSISI BAHAN PADA SINTESIS ALKYD RESIN BERBAHAN FREE FATY ACID (FFA) KELAPA SAWIT DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI COATING MATERIAL

Corrosion is prone to occur on factory machines made of metal. One of the solutions to address the corrosion is by applying a coating layer. This research aims to determine the appropriate FFA composition for the alkyd resin production process. The production of alkyd resin is carried out by reacting FFA, glycerol, and phthalic anhydride through a one-step polycondensation method at a temperature of 240°C in a three-neck flask equipped with a condenser, mechanical stirrer, and thermometer. The obtained alkyd resin is then subjected to tests for colour, viscosity,
solid content, density, acid value, iodine value, and FTIR before being made into coating material. Coating fabrication involves the formation of polyamide from alkyd resin and amino resin mixed in a thinner solvent, assisted by a cobalt catalyst. The resulting coating material products were then analyzed through several tests, including drying speed tests, adhesion properties, solubility, chemical resistance,
gloss, thickness, and rust resistance. The research results show that the best alkyd resin is found at a composition ratio of 0.8:1:1, with a viscosity of 3003 mPa.s, a
solid content of 99.6%, a density of 1.0544 g/mL, an acid value of 18.03 mg KOH/g sample, and an iodine value of 23.715 g iodine/100 g sample. The resulting alkyd
resin nearly meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 06-0504-1989 and the corporate standard for the ALUKIDIR EL-8001 product. Meanwhile, the best
coating composition is at the ratio of Coating Material Sample 3 (CM 3). The CM3 test results showed a drying speed of 7 days, a coating adhesion of 20% on the
substrate, a gloss level of 62.2 gloss units, and a thickness value of 0.1 mm. The produced coating product does not yet meet the D-5895-01 standard of 2001
regarding standard test methods for measuring times of drying or curing during film formation for organic coatings using mechanical recorders.

Keyword: alkyd resin, coating material, FFA, glycerol, corrosion